Confirmation Bias EOTO

Confirmation Bias

Consider a time when you attempted to contact a friend with whom you disagree and left messages but never received a response. In this situation, it's easy to tell right away that your friend is avoiding you. Naturally, if you do not investigate this belief, you run the risk of acting as though it were true. When desires directly influence beliefs, confirmation bias occurs. People end up believing something because they want it to be true. They gain energy by getting what they want. When the evidence that has been gathered thus far supports the views or prejudices that the individual would like to be true, this error causes the individual to stop collecting information. 

We disregard or reject information that challenges our views once we have formed them and accept information that supports them. The idea that we don't see things objectively is known as confirmation bias. Because they support our preconceived notions, we decide to concentrate on the data points that make us happy. We run the risk of giving in to our preconceived notions as a result. For instance, there will always be some people who have a strong tendency to dismiss any claims that marijuana may cause harm as nothing more than old-fashioned reefer mania. These people will do this regardless of the evidence. Despite the evidence, these individuals will act accordingly. These individuals will carry it out despite the evidence. The evidence will guide these individuals' actions. These individuals will carry it out despite the evidence. The evidence will be utilized by these individuals. Any evidence that marijuana does not harm people will be ignored by some social conservatives.

Examples of Confirmation Bias

Politics,

In politics, which is naturally divided, changing voting patterns is notoriously difficult. For instance, states in the United States are typically referred to as Red or Blue based on whether Democrats or Republicans control them. The majority of states remain that way for many years. Continually, the majority of individuals support political causes. Even though some swing voters are more open to new candidates, they will always vote one way. However, confirmation bias means that they are in the minority. Confirmation bias is evident in what people watch. For instance, Republican voters typically support right-leaning media outlets like CNN and Fox News. CNN's opposing viewpoints are naturally rejected because they don't fit with the beliefs that are already held. For the same reasons, Democrats frequently prefer CNN. Politicians also exhibit confirmation bias. As a result of confirmation bias, they rarely deviate from their positions. Over one hundred members of Congress, for instance, have rejected the idea that humans are to blame for climate change. The majority of new evidence is immediately rejected because it contradicts existing beliefs, the evidence. Rent control, for instance, is yet another sphere of politics. Even though most economists agree that they are bad, which is remarkable in and of itself, many politicians on the left think that they work.

Eyewitness Accounts,

In the criminal justice system, eyewitness accounts are beginning to be replaced by DNA and other more precise forms of evidence. Consequently, DNA evidence vindicates numerous wrongfully convicted individuals. Eye accounts are frequently regarded as difficult. We rarely recall specific details and are susceptible to being influenced by a variety of factors. One of them is confirmation bias. For instance, witnesses to homicides may be able to identify the offender through observation. Problems arise because the perpetrator and the witness are siblings. The witness, on the other hand, has no idea how their brother or sister could have acted in such a way. They don't like the idea because they think they won't be able to. It cannot be true. Despite the rejection of new information, the existing belief is maintained.

Religion,

Religious people will be biased in favor of the beliefs they already hold. Unexpected events constitute a miracle. On the other hand, a disaster is just a test of faith. Both want to back up a belief that already exists. There are, on the other hand, individuals who practice no religion at all. A marvel does not demonstrate a higher power; rather, it is simply regarded as a one-of-a-kind event. In a similar vein, catastrophes that result in the deaths of thousands of people, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, are viewed as evidence that there is no God. Believers and nonbelievers alike frequently use events as justifications for existing beliefs. Regardless of whether the events in question are positive or negative, they adopt a position that is in line with these beliefs.

Social Media,

Fake news has spread rapidly thanks to social media. Information and news articles that reinforce preexisting beliefs are shared by a lot of people. To grab readers' attention, catchy headlines frequently make unsubstantiated claims. Even though some news articles claim to include facts, they only present biased viewpoints that align with the reader's own. In turn, claims that do not match what people already believe are referred to as factual because they lack evidence to support them. As a result, such news spreads across platforms and gains traction as millions of people's preexisting beliefs are confirmed.

Positives and Negatives of Confirmation Bias

Positives,

You've probably encountered this phenomenon if you've ever attempted to persuade a Mac user to try a PC or a PC user to switch to a Mac. Confirmation bias is the idea that once people start to identify with a brand, they will never be able to switch brands. What is taking place? It's because they associate a part of themselves or the person they aspire to be with the said brand. Marketing to their ideal selves, regardless of the dissonance that occurs between their actions and beliefs, can help cement that connection if a person identifies as an outdoorsy person and purchases shoes, jackets, and backpacks from REI. Even if the individual has never kayaked or hiked before, this holds. By explaining to potential customers the problems they are experiencing and the solutions we offer, we can lessen both of these aspects of marketing that are referred to as confirmation bias. On the other hand, there are aspects of confirmation bias in marketing that we ought to be aware of in the work that we do every day.

Negatives,

The most recent Netflix documentary, The Great Hack, claims that social media marketing's confirmation bias played a significant role in the 2016 election. Using psychological profiles that people had created using a lot of data from social media, Cambridge Analytica grouped people based on their beliefs and demographics and showed them ads that made people think better of other people. The objective was to create an echo chamber on social media that reflected individuals preexisting prejudices against opposers. The strategy used confirmation bias to further divide the two sides. In addition to being aware of their tendencies to seek predictable feedback, advertisers need to consider the moral implications of employing this strategy as a deterrent. The only way to deal with confirmation bias is to explicitly acknowledge its existence because it is ingrained in all of us.

Today's News Bias/Covering-Up

The U.S. media has gone under exceptional examination, with educated authorities, regulators, and even scientists themselves faulting it for its propensity and acting of having assaulted us in its thought about the force of political race. Educated people across the political reach have said that fake news and cyberattacks expected a basic part in picking the course of events. The transcendent reasoning has an "if by some fortunate turn of events" tenor: Expecting by some fortunate new improvement the media had been less affected by shocking stories for the situation by some fortunate new advancement propensity in the media had been cleaned, and tolerating by some fortunate improvement fake news had been discarded and cyberattacks decreased, the outcome would have been uncommon. The power change has been disengaged from a commensurate standpoint, expecting by some fortunate new improvement the media were less distractible and titles more cautious. 

AntiWar

American Conservative

Enduring that way is delightful, yet it misses the mark. The media did the unequivocally careful thing it was typical to do, given the inspirations that control it. It isn't precisely that the media chooses to be sentimentalist; its methodology leads it that way. Charges of propensity don't make the inclination certifiable; now and again lies dynamic ward upon every individual's inclinations. Fake news and cyberattacks are triggers, not causes. The issues that face us are crucial. To the request, in case the media were to cover the political race again, with the likely addition of knowing the past, might we at some point expect anything remarkable? my reaction is a sobering no. This is for two reasons: how news is made and elevated on the stock side and how clients manage news on the intriguing side. An impediment is perpetually out. The evaluation here isn't stressed over which contender saved the decision to win or whose message was better. It is stressed over analyzing the media and its wire, seeing its focal drivers, and understanding what we should expect going from it.

On occasion, the news is newsworthy not because it is especially life-getting refreshed but because it demands something clear that requires confirmation or because it outfits something broadly comprehended with an impression of scale. This applies to the openness uncovered by the New York Times's Jonathan Martin and Alexander Copies and announced by CNN's Brian Stelter that President Biden sees Rupert Murdoch, the pioneer behind Fox News, as the most dangerous man on the planet. Clear in overgeneralized terms yet eventually guaranteed and with a vibe of scale. Nevertheless, this top-line evaluation of the face ordinarily connected with the standard association network misses a basic optional assessment related to the Martin-Consumes counting. Fox News, the president feels, is the capability of unquestionably the most upsetting power in the US, as the essayists put it. This is the more basic disclosure as it sees the broadness of Fox News' impact even past the senior Murdoch. Four sections past Murdoch make Fox News a remarkably risky piece of the American news scene, its grit with the political right, the showed way by which it shapes its watchers' convictions, its grasp on moderate power, and the perspectives on its drive.

Social Media EOTO

 

Social Media Platforms...

Facebook This is the best electronic redirection network On the web, both concerning the total number of clients and name statement. Facebook showed up on February 4, 2004, Facebook in the extent of 12 years sorted out an adequate strategy for storing up more than 1.59 multi-month-to-month solid clients and this thusly makes it one of the most puzzling modes for associate people from any spot in the world with your business. It is hypothesized that more than 1 million little and medium-sized affiliations use the stage to impel their business. 

Twitter We might be feeling that restrictive our presents on 140 characters are not a true system for driving our business. Yet, we will be staggered to fathom that this virtual amusement stage has passed 320 million in number month-to-month clients who can cultivate the use of the 140-character cutoff to pass on information. Affiliations can use Twitter to help approach clients, answer questions, release the latest news, and in the meantime use consigned types of progress with express get-togethers. Twitter was fanned out on Walk 21, 2006, and has its headquarters in San Francisco, California. 

YouTube the best and most striking video-based web sorting out page was spread out on February 14, 2005, by three past PayPal workers. It was moreover purchased by Google in November 2006 for $1.65 billion. YouTube has more than 1 billion page guests reliably and is the second most conspicuous web searcher behind Google. 

Pinterest is consistently a young person in the electronic design affiliation field. This stage contains automated clarification sheets where affiliations can stick their substance. Pinterest uncovered in September 2015 that it had obtained 100 million clients. Private undertakings whose coordinated vested party is by and large complex ladies should put resources into Pinterest as the more noteworthy bits of its guests are ladies. 

Instagram is a visual web arranging stage. The site has more than 400 million in number clients and is moved by Facebook. Huge its clients use it to post data about progression, structure, food, workmanship, and in each reasonable sense, unclear subjects. The stage is besides seen by its earth-shattering channels nearby video and photographs creating highlights. Close 95% of Instagram clients what's more use Facebook. 

Snapchat is an image-enlightening application organizing thing that was made by Reggie Brown, Evan Spiegel, and Bobby Murphy when they were understudies at Stanford School. The application was truly conveyed in September 2011, and overlooking a confined ability to focus time they have become immensely picking a norm of 100 million standard excellent clients as of May 2015. In an abundance of 18% of every single electronic redirection, the client utilizes Snapchat.

Positives of Social Media...

Education,

Social media gives a way to the students to effectively reach each other in regards to class ventures, bunch assignments, or for help on homework assignments. Many of the students who do not take an interest consistently in class might feel that they can express their thoughts easily on social media. Teachers may post on social media about class activities, school events, and homework assignments which will be very useful to them. It is seen that social media marketing has been emerging as a career option. Social media marketing prepares young workers to become successful marketers. Access to social media provides the opportunity for educators to teach good digital citizenship and the use of the Internet for productivity.

Business,

Social Media helps to better understand their audience by their likes and dislikes. It helps the business with promotional activities. Social networking sites help to make new customers by providing useful facilities. Helps to enhance market insight and stretch out beyond your rivals with online networking. It also helps to increase awareness among brands and reaches with little to no budget.

Society,

Social Media helps to meet people they may not have met outside the social media forums. It also helps to share ideas beyond geographical boundaries. It provides an open opportunity for all writers and bloggers to connect with their clients. Another positive effect of social networking sites is they unite people on a huge platform for the achievement of specific goals. This brings positive change to society. Social media provides awareness among society through campaigns, advertisement articles, and promotions which helps society to be up to date with the current information

Teenagers,

Social media helps youngsters to stay connected with each other. Useful information can be exchanged over social networking sites. Social networking sites can allow teens to find support online that they may lack in traditional relationships, especially for teens. During a Critical Development period, youngsters also go to social networking sites for advice and information. Youngsters can look to social media for getting the answers related to their career objectives.

Negatives of Social Media...

Education,

The first concern about the negative effect that comes to mind is the kind of distraction to the students present in the class. As teachers were not able to recognize who is paying attention in the classroom. One of the biggest breakdowns of social media in education is the privacy issues like posting personal information on online sites. In some of the scenarios, there was much inappropriate information posted which may lead the students to the wrong side. Because of social media students lose their ability to engage themselves in face-to-face communication. Many bloggers and writers post wrong information on social sites which leads the education system to failure.

Business,

In the business field, social media is not entirely risk-free because many fans and followers are free to post their opinion on a particular organization, the negative comment can lead the organization to failure. Many large organizations have fallen victim to hackers. The wrong online brand strategy can doom a company, and put it at a huge viral social disadvantage. Getting involved with Social Media is very time-consuming. As an organization, you should assign a person to always bolster your pages and profile with significant substance. Most companies have difficulty measuring the results of social media advertising.

Society,

One of the negative effects of social media is that it makes people addicted. People spend lots of time on social networking sites which can divert their concentration and focus from a particular task. Social media can easily affect kids, the reason is sometimes people shares photos, and videos on media that contain violence and negative things which can affect the behavior of kids or teenagers. It also abuses society by invading people’s privacy. Social lies like family ones also weaken as people spend more time connecting to new people. Some people use their images or videos on social sites which can encourage others to use it false fully.

Teenagers,

Today it’s not clear who the strangers are, especially on social media. Kidnapping, murder, and robbery can be quickly done by sharing details on social media. There are many cases registered in police stations where adults target young children and lure them into meeting them. Mostly youngsters waste lots of time on social sites like chatting which also affects their health. Some useless blogs influence youth extremely that they become violent and can take some inappropriate actions.

Fun Facts...

- For context, as of Dec 2019, the total worldwide population is 7.8 billion 

- The internet has 4.54 billion users There are 3.725 billion active social media users 

- On average, people have 7.6 social media accounts 

- The average daily time spent on social is 142 minutes a day 

- 91% of retail brands use 2 or more social media channels 

- 81% of all small and medium businesses use some kind of social platform 

- Social media users grew by 328 million between October 2018 and October 2019, which works out at 10 new social media users per second 

- Facebook Messenger and Whatsapp handle 60 billion messages a day

Interesting Story...

On April 15, 2013, two domestic terrorists planted pressure cooker bombs near the end of the usual route of the annual Boston Marathon. The bombs detonated as several thousand runners had yet to cross the finish line and crowds of onlookers swarmed the area, killing three and injuring 260, with 17 people losing limbs. Since the attack, companies sponsoring the race have been very careful with the wording used in advertisements to promote the marathon. Four years later, on April 17, 2017, Adidas sent out a congratulatory email to finishers. 

The subject line of the message read, “Congrats, you survived the Boston Marathon!” Dozens of people took to Twitter to express their disgust at the company’s messaging and the use of the word “survived.” Adidas’s run-in with disgruntled athletes shows public relations professionals that we should be extremely careful about our wording in certain communications materials. It’s important to research the history and culture of major events to understand what is and isn’t appropriate to include in your marketing efforts.

The Social Dilemma...

The Social Dilemma is a 2020 American docudrama film directed by Jeff Orlowski and written by Orlowski, Davis Coombe, and Vickie Curtis. The documentary examines how social media's design nurtures addiction to maximize profit and its ability to manipulate people's views, emotions, and behavior and spread conspiracy theories and disinformation. The film also examines social media's effect on mental health, in particular, the mental health of adolescents and rising teen suicide rates. 

The film features interviews with many former employees, executives, and other professionals from top tech companies like Google and social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. The interviewees draw on their primary experiences at the companies they respectively worked in to discuss how such companies and platforms have caused negative problematic social, political, and cultural consequences. Some of the interviewees qualify that social media platforms and big tech companies have provided some positive change for society as well. The interviewees discuss social media's role in political polarization in the United States and the influence that algorithmic advertising has had on political radicalization. The film also examines how social media platforms have impacted the spread of fake news and how governments have used social media as a tool for propaganda. These interviews are presented alongside scripted dramatizations of a teenager's social media addiction. These dramatizations draw attention to the rising concern about the radicalization of youth on the internet.

Gone With the Wind

Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American shocking unequivocal assessment based on the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell. The film was made by David O. Selznick of Selznick In standard Pictures and made by Victor Fleming. Set in the American South against the explanation of the American Crosscountry battle and the Redirection time, the movie relates the tale of Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh), the solid-willed young woman of a Georgia property holder, following strong regions for her for Ashley Wilkes (Leslie Howard), who is hitched to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton (Olivia de Havilland), and her ensuing relationship with Rhett Steward (Clark Zenith). 

The film had a weeped-over creation. The beginning of the shooting was yielded for an ensured monster time until January 1939 seeing Selznick's help to land Top for the spot of Rhett. The control Scarlett was endeavoring to project, and 1,400 slight ladies were worked with for the part. The immense screenplay by Sidney Howard went through different changes by a couple of specialists to diminish it to a reasonable length. The chief, George Cukor, was done not long there of the cerebrum of recording started and was cleared by Fleming, what in this way's character was cautiously unstuck by Sam Wood while getting some genuine goliath rest thinking about use. After its creation closed in November 1939, according to an overall viewpoint a month went before its vehicle.

It got expectedly unambiguous outlines upon its vehicle in December 1939. The projecting was talking around clearly, at this point it's a long-running time, considering everything got an appraisal. At the twelfth Foundation Grants, it got ten Establishment Grants (eight steadies, two advantaged) from thirteen decisions, including wins for Best Picture, Best Head (Fleming), Best Changed Screenplay (after death surrendered to Sidney Howard), Best Entertainer (Leigh), and Best Supporting Entertainer (Hattie McDaniel, changing into the central African American to win an Affiliation Honor). It set rules to give how many wins and decisions by then. 

Gone with the Wind was hugely clear when at first conveyed. It changed into the most raised getting film made up to that point, and held the record for over a fourth of 100 years. Unequivocally while changed with a money-related increment, it is right now the most major getting film ever. It was re-sat back all on through the twentieth 100 years and became amassed in traditional society. Regardless, the film has been put down as clear negationism, seeing maltreatment and the Specific waste of time of the Affiliation dream, it has been credited with setting off changes in how African Americans were portrayed honestly. The film is viewed as one of the most bewildering movies ever, and in 1989 it became one of the 25 show films picked for security in the US Public Film Vault.

Civil War & Reconstruction

The Reconstruction time frame in the United States began in 1865 and proceeded with the entire way to 1877. All this followed the American Civil War as well as endeavors to review subjugation and its bad behaviors. All through this three Amendments were all passed to ideally help which were the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth Amendments. The thirteenth Amendment currently states subsequent to being reexamined again in 1992 " Neither subjugation nor compulsory bondage, besides as a discipline for wrongdoing whereof the party will have been properly sentenced, will exist inside the United States, or any spot subject to their locale." Also being reconsidered the fourteenth Amendment expresses "All people conceived or naturalized in the United States and dependent upon the ward thereof, are residents of the United States and of the State wherein they dwell. No State will make or implement any regulation which will shorten the honors or vulnerabilities of residents of the United States; nor will any State deny any individual of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of regulation; nor deny to any individual inside its purview the equivalent security of the regulations. In conclusion, the fifteenth Amendment expresses "The right of residents of the United States to cast a ballot will not be denied or shortened by the United States or by any State by virtue of race, variety, or past state of subjugation." Therefore each of the three Amendments was relaxed period and was undeniably reconsidered in 1992. Suppose they were reexamined during that time span how different even today would be?

Luckily, the present day in age is nothing similar to the way things were in that time span. In spite of the fact that there is most certainly still prejudice in the present day throughout everyday life. Alongside disdain wrongdoings toward race and that's what numerous different things like, sadly. I have seen such disdain as a result of race and I accept it is miserable to the point that you can pass judgment on somebody in light of the shade of somebody's skin. By the day's end, we as a whole drain similar variety put on pants something similar, and go through a great deal of exactly the same things as the individual next to us. Nobody will at any point be decided by the shade of their skin despite the fact that it actually works out, fortunately in no way like then except in any case there ought to be none in any case.

Eight Values of Free Expression

As I think, the most critical of the eight potential gains of explanation is the option to talk uninhibitedly of talk. "Free talk enables individuals to put themselves out there and hence make their own character and, in the process perhaps, find close mates. The option to talk unreservedly of talk hence transforms into a piece of human regard, human association, and freedom." I acknowledge this is the main because for certain reasons, one being in light of the fact that you wouldn't have the choice to really address what you put confidence in. As well as then how should you have the choice to illuminate others how you feel in regards to explicit things. Another is the place where your morals, values, and ethics are locked in with something I figure you should have the choice to examine them and really gain from one another about various things. At any rate, the decision to examine of talk is imperative for the chance of figured considering the way that an individual can't invigorate a free point of view about the world aside from assuming the individual is given different assessments concerning what is gigantic and what convictions are in general essential and is permitted to visit with others about their experiences or convictions. Likewise, as fan social orders are begun on unlimited control once again people's exercises and convictions, free warm requests have begun the chance of thought and chance of heart — the choice to have convictions without confronting a test with discipline for "thoughtcrime" the holding of unapproved convictions and examinations. This entrance can engage simply in an overall people that shields a wide and different level of 4 terminations. This security is major not a particular lot for those whose convictions and exercises are unsurprising with winning assessments people just every so often attempt to maul what is seen and well known, however for individuals who requesting conveying their uniqueness against the decision evaluation. 

As Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes put it, "Enduring that there is any norm of the Constitution that more all around calls for a relationship than some other it is the norm of free thought — not free thought for individuals who agree with us in any event opportunity for the probability that we scorn." In this sense, free talk and the chance for conviction are boss bits of any truly five specific social solicitations. Without them, the strain for congruity will overwhelm likely dissidents and outsiders, and there will be no undeniable assortment of experiences, perspectives, or characters inside the area. Furthermore, there is immaterial worth in allowing people to enable their own spirit, their own liabilities, and their own characters if society, sentences the ability to give them to others. To cover what your personality is and what you perceive, for fear that the fundamental exhibition of giving your thoughts bets with discipline, is what's happening. The differentiations of a still, little voice and free explanation are expected to prevent such torment. I furthermore feel that the current society forestalls people's ability to address what they put confidence in. I don't feel that it is right by any means aside from assuming what they are talking about and tolerating is disastrous to themselves or others. 

Everyone has the honor to confide in anything they want to so make use benefit and use that in your right in America for the option to talk unreservedly of talk. The United States of America is ending up being progressively delicate ceaselessly. People simply have to hear what they need to hear and if it is something that they don't have confidence in then you are misguided and shrewd because of it. Progressively in the current society, the option to talk unreservedly of talk is being hindered. I accept this ought to be changed so America can get back to where it was already. Meaning the status quo before I was even considered. From stories beforehand, it is apparently an ideal spot over how it is by and by. Regardless of the way that advancement and data are growing continually negligence and extremism are too. I wish that everyone could see this, my best model is the day after 9/11. On September twelfth everyone got together, I want that back.

U.S. Supreme Court

From watching both Parts I and II videos I learned even more than I already learned last year taking you. I also decided to read a couple of articles and also learned from those as well a lot of new things about the constitution, as well as the court. Personally, I am not someone who follows or is big into politics, so every day it seemed in class I am learning something new that I did not prior to walking into that class period.

A big thing I learned was the court system. There are three separate courts which include the district court, appellate court, and lastly the supreme court. In the district court, they only go off of facts instead of a person's opinion which can be taken to the appellate court to appeal whatever ruling is made. Once taken there can optionally go to the supreme court or get sent back down to the district court. As well to that there are federal and state, the federal government can put things out although ultimately the state has to agree with whatever that may be. What is going on today with the covid vaccine is a great example of this I think.

A few more interesting things that I found were that 16 years is the average term for a supreme court justice, and there have only been just over 100 of them. For as long as the United States has been around I think that is a fairly low number. A cool thing that I think is that they go off of a 200-year-old Constitution which is very interesting to me because it was written so long ago and still applies to what goes on every day, not very many things are like that. Along with that, the supreme court receives about 7,000 cases a year and then they only accept about 100 of those. Then lastly an important thing I think is that the Justices shake each other's hands every time.

With all that I am once again looking forward to this class as I was last year. I think I will learn a lot through the semester and even be able to apply it to life as well as make my own judgments and opinions. Let alone just this topic I have been able to do so and am looking forward to doing that with plenty of other issues.